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Tupac Shakur

American rapper (1971–1996)

"Tupac" redirects here. For other uses, see Tupac (disambiguation).

"Makaveli" redirects here. For the Italian philosopher, see Machiavelli. For the Tupac album often called "Makaveli", see The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory.

Tupac Amaru Shakur (; born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all time. Academics regard him as one of the most influential music artists of the 20th century and a prominent political activist for Black America.^[1] In addition to his music career, Shakur also wrote poetry and starred in films. He is among the best-selling music artists, having sold more than 75 million records worldwide.^[2] His lyrical content has been noted for addressing social injustice, political issues, and the marginalization of other African-Americans,^[3]^[4] but he was also synonymous with gangsta rap and violent

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Tupac Shakur: History’s Poet

Abstract

Tupac was a mirror of contradictions. In the short time he lived, Tupac was a poet, artist, actor, rapper, model and screen writer. As well, he was a convicted batterer, a ‘thug’ and a self-styled ‘gangsta’ with murky gangland affiliations. On top of all that, he was a revolutionary. In order to understand such vivid paradoxes, we must locate them in the historical contradictions of the period more broadly. Tupac was born in 1971, at the tail end of the civil rights movement. This represented the end of an era of flourishing political activism. In the time before, in the 1950s and ’60s—and through the nexus of churches, black-owned businesses and local grass roots associations—the civil rights movement had brought about a series of boycotts, strikes and mass mobilisations. Passive protest combined with more militant forms of civil disobedience to create a heroic and sustained pressure, one which would eventually collapse the hateful apartheid regime of Jim Crow America.

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Tupac Shakur, rap artist, actor and poet, was one of the best-selling music artistes ever, selling over 75 million records worldwide. Rolling Stone magazine rated him 86^th out the top 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was nominated twice in his career; in 1995 for best actor in Poetic Justice and in 2004 for best song – Resurrection.

He was born Lesane Parish Crooks June 16^th 1971, the son of Afeni Shakur, in East Harlem, New York City. Both his mother and his father, Billy Garland, were members of the Black Panther Party – a revolutionary party associated with the Black Power civil rights movement in the 1960s and 70s. Shortly before Tupac’s birth his mother had been acquitted of charges of ‘Conspiracy against the US government’. From early childhood he was surrounded by people, including members of his family, who were involved in and convicted of serious criminal offenses including murder. It is not surprising that his music would reflect his reputation as a leading figure in gangster hip-hop and would allude to violence and cop killing.

Tupac’s acting career began whe